\uff0aEnglish version begins at the end of Japanese text.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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\u30c7\u30ea\u30c0\u306f\u5e7d\u970a\u3092\u3053\u3046\u8a9e\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
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\uff08\u300e\u30de\u30eb\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u4ea1\u970a\u305f\u3061\u300f1993\uff09<\/p>\n
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\uff08\u300e\u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u9769\u547d\u7684\u300f2015\uff09<\/p>\n
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4.03\/2017<\/p>\n
Ghosts and Zombies in Derrida<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Derrida believes that the state, as well as language and law, is fundamentally based on the violent exclusion of the \u201cothers\u201d to the outside world, and that this exclusion is constantly being repeated. At the same time, he argues that exclusion is never completely successful. This is because the outside, to which the \u201cothers\u201d must be excluded, is merely a transcription of the internal conflict, and it is impossible to draw a boundary between the inside and the outside. Thus, the \u201cothers\u201d always secretly return to the interior, eroding and contaminating the interior, which seems to be self-sufficient by itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This secretly recurring \u201cothers\u201d are Derrida’s Ghosts. Derrida says that to be a ghost is to experience \u201cthe impossible. This is because the \u201cothers\u201d which are excluded from the state in its primordial and constant repetition, is regarded by the state as something that do not exist, something with which contact is impossible, and is concealed. This is because the return of the \u201cothers\u201d as a Ghosts are nothing less than the uncovering of that concealment, which in turn leads to a national crisis. Thus, the crisis of the state is the possibility of the impossible becoming possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And if it is impossible for the state to eliminate the \u201cothers,\u201d then the \u201cothers\u201d is rather a condition for the state’s existence. The return of the \u201cothers\u201d to the inside, that is, the crisis of the nation, is always inherent in the nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Derrida talks about Ghosts as follows;<\/p>\n\n\n\n For a long time I have been preparing to speak of Ghosts, of traditions and generations, of generations of Ghosts, in other words, of certain others who are not present or presently alive, either to us, within us, or outside of us, but in the name of justice. \u2026As it is conceivable that any ethic, any politics, revolutionary or non-revolutionary, that does not recognize a principle that respect for those others, dead or unborn, who are no longer or not yet present, presently alive and presently existing, is possible and right, we must speak of Ghosts, or rather, must speak to Ghosts or with Ghosts. Beyond every living present, in what dislocates the living present (“The time is out of joint”), we must speak of those who have not yet been born or have already died: those who have died in wars, political and other violence, by the violence of nationalist, racist, colonialist, sexist, and other massacres, capitalist, imperialist, and all forms of totalitarianism. Justice seems not possible or conceivable without the principle of assuming some responsibility before the Ghosts of the victims of imperialism and all forms of totalitarian oppression, and those who are not. (“The Ghosts of Marx”, 1993)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Derrida’s Ghosts almost overlaps with the Zombie we have been figuring as the revolutionary subject (\u201cZombie Revolutionary\u201d). The Zombies, too, have been excluded from the state, killed, and had all traces of their existence erased, only to return to the inside of the state as the \u201cliving dead. And as the contradiction of the phrase \u201cthe living dead\u201d clearly indicates, this is precisely what is impossible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zombies are the living dead, and while they are excluded from society as something to be feared, they are not an external enemy to people. When a person is bitten and infected by a zombie, he or she is transformed into a zombie, so zombies are external and internal at the same time. In other words, life and death are reversed by the Zombies. The term \u201cliving dead\u201d refers to the fact that the Zombies freely move between the boundaries of life and death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n April.03\/2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \uff0aEnglish version begins at t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":18,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-177","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1621,"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/177\/revisions\/1621"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nofix.echo.jp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}